ABSTRACT
Physical literacy (PL) is a foundational concept in physical education, physical activity, and long-term sports development. It is a human capability nurtured through learning processes and interactions with varied environments through movement and physical activity. Blue spaces can support the development of PL, health, quality of life, and environmental sustainability. However, PL research has centered on land-based PA settings. This critical review aims to provide a theoretical background and to reflect on expanding and integrating PL into blue physical activity promotion, drowning prevention, and aquatic education. It stresses the importance of pedagogical quality, professional training, and program design, calling for collaboration among practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to advance PL’s value in aquatic settings.
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